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Nuclear Medicine Nuclear Medicine is a medical specialty that uses safe, painless and cost
effective techniques both to image the body and treat diseases. It involves the
use of minute quantities of radioactive substances combines with pharmaceuticals
to study the functioning of various organs and to some extent the
structure of the anatomy. It is a procedure to gather medical information,
that may be otherwise unavailable with the other existing modalities which may
require surgery. This detection process allows to disease to be treated early in
its course, leading to highly successful prognosis. In a Nuclear Medicine
scan a very small amount of material or radiopharmaceuticals which is commonly
called the/radiotracer (not the dye) is injected either through the IV route or
orally or by inhalation into the body. They produce gamma ray emission from the
target organ, which is subsequently scanned by a special type of camera called
SPECT.
The other alternatives of utilising these radioisotopes are called invitro
technique commonly designated as Radioimmuno Assay. As per this method a
patients blood /plasma is collected in a vial from which the serum is separated
out and tracer antibody tagged with I-125 or cobalt-57 is added to estimate the
particular level of hormone, some of the common day to day hormones are T3, T4,
TSH, FreeT3, FreeT4, and thyroid antibodies for thyroid function test.
Infertility hormones such
as FSH, LH, Prolactin, Progesterone, Oestradiol(E2), Oestradiol(E3),
Testosterone (Total & Free) tumor markers such as CEA, AFP, PSA, CEA-125,
CA-15.3,CA-19.9 etc.
Dynamic Nuclear Medicine Scans
Invivo Nuclear Medicine scans are HMPAO Brain SPECT, static brain scan,
thyroidscan. Lung perfuston / ventilation scan, stress MUGA with NG intervention
for LVfunctons. Stress Thallium myocardial perfusion scan. Gated SPECT
tetrofosmin
mvocardial scan, static and dynamic liver scan. whole body bone scan. DTPA
renogram to assess kidney function, DMSA cortisol renal scan, Gl bleeding
detection scan, Hepathbiliary imaging scan, Ga-67 whole body scan and 1-131
MIBG scan etc., are also performed routinely.
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1. Whole body scan using 99mTc - MDP radioisotope shows
physiological distribution of radiotracer throughout the skeletal system. No
localized hot or cold area is seen which is suggestive of Normal
Bone Scan.
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2. Stress Thallium Myocardial perfusion scan at stress as well as rest
reveals uniform stress perfusion pattern in all the defined myocardial
segment suggestive of uniform & normal blood flow through the coronary
arteries without any evidence of Coronary Artery
Disease. |
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3. 99mTc tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion reveal dilated
left ventricle wit multiple areas of stress perfusion defects involving
anteroseptal & inferior segment of myocardium suggestive of absence blood supply
through LAD &Right Coronary Artery with evidence of reperfusion with
resting reinjection of 99mTc tetrofosmin involving whole
of anteroseptal segment with the absence of reperfusion involving inferior
segment that suggestive of viable myocardium involving anteroseptal &
almost dead myocardium involving inferior segment |
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4.(a-b). 99mTc DTPA dynamic renal scintigraphy reveal normal
sized both kidneys with uniform cortical uptake. Good excretion by both
kidneys .Individual relative functions are almost normal .No obstructive hold up
pattern suggestive of normal status of both kidneys. |
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5. 99mTc radiotracer thyroid scan reveals normal
sized both lobs with uniform uptake pattern .Normal visualization of salivary
glands activity suggestive of
Normal Thyroid Scan. |
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6. 99mTc radioisotopes static thyroid scan shows diffuse
enlargement of both lobe of thyroid with increased uptake pattern .(13.6%
in right lobe &13.6% in left lobe ). Non visualization of salivary glands
activity suggestive Toxic
Diffuse Goitre. |
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7.(a) 99mTc Macro Aggregated Albumin radioisotopes
lungs perfusion scintigram in various projection reveals multiple
areas of perfusion defect involving both lobe of lungs region suggestive of
bilateral embolism. |
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(b) After
administration of thromobolytic
therapy the macro Aggregated Albumin radioisotopes lungs perfusion
scintigram was repeated in the same patient reveals almost re-establishment of
normal blood flow pattern in the form of reperfusion of both the segments of
lungs region suggestive of successful Thromobolytic
Therapy. |
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