Medically Reviewed by Dr.Suhasini Chandrakant Atharga ,Cardiology
Written by KIE Editorial Contributors
When the heart struggles to pump enough blood to the body, doctors may use a temporary device called an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP). This device helps the heart work more efficiently during emergencies like heart attacks, heart failure or before high-risk heart surgeries. IABP improves blood flow, reduces strain on the heart and gives it the support it needs to recover.
An Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is a thin tube (catheter) with a balloon at its tip. It is carefully inserted into the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The balloon inflates and deflates in sync with the heartbeat and helps increase blood flow to the heart and body while easing the heart’s workload.
The main purposes of an IABP are:
It essentially acts as a mechanical assist device to give the heart a “rest” while improving circulation.
An IABP is not a permanent device. It is preferred for short-term use like for a few days, until the patient’s heart function improves or a more definitive treatment like surgery or a permanent mechanical support device is done.
IABP is indicated in the following conditions:
Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the IABP insertion process:
The IABP improves heart function in two effective ways:
This cycle enhances cardiac output and relieves the burden on a failing heart.
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump is not effective in some situations like:
IABP is generally safe to address mild problems and sometimes it may cause some side effects like:
If a patient’s heart condition is too severe for IABP support, doctors might consider:
An Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is a life-saving device that provides temporary heart support during emergencies. While it’s not a permanent solution, it plays a critical role in stabilising patients and improving outcomes in severe cardiac conditions. If you or a loved one is recommended for IABP therapy, it’s essential to understand how it works, its benefits and possible risks to make informed decisions.
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An Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is used in heart patients experiencing severe heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or complications after a heart attack or cardiac surgery. It helps reduce the heart's workload and improve blood flow to vital organs.
IABP is typically inserted through the femoral artery in the groin using a catheter. Under imaging guidance, the balloon catheter is advanced into the descending thoracic aorta, just below the left subclavian artery. The procedure is done in a catheterization lab or operating room.
Risks of IABP include bleeding at the insertion site, limb ischemia, infection, balloon rupture, aortic dissection, and thromboembolic events. These risks are monitored closely during the use of IABP.
The cost of IABP insertion in India typically ranges between ₹1.5 lakh to ₹3.5 lakh, depending on the hospital, location, and complexity of the patient’s condition.
An IABP is generally kept in place for 24 to 72 hours, but in some cases, it can be used for up to 5 to 7 days, depending on the patient’s condition and response to treatment.
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